The Science Behind Tooth Decay and How to Prevent It

A woman looks in the mirror as she brushes her teeth to prevent tooth decay in Parker, CO

Tooth decay is a nefarious oral health problem, quietly causing damage until a sudden toothache gives it away. It occurs when acids in your mouth erode enamel, the hard, protective outer layer of your teeth. If not addressed quickly, this erosion can lead to dental cavities, infections, and other complications that may result in tooth loss. Learn more about tooth decay and the best hygiene practices to maintain a healthy smile.

Stages of Tooth Decay

Here’s a look at how tooth decay progresses:

Plaque formation: Eating certain foods creates a sticky biofilm on your teeth called plaque. Bacteria in the plaque feed on the sugar in your food and produce acids.
Demineralization: The acids stuck to your teeth begin to deplete minerals from the enamel, causing white spots on the tooth surface.
Enamel decay: As demineralization continues, enamel weakens and breaks down, forming tiny holes in the tooth’s outer layer.
Dentin decay: Decay progresses past the enamel layer to the dentin beneath, which is softer and more susceptible to damage.
Pulp damage: As the holes grow deeper, decay may eventually reach the tooth’s pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels. This is what causes toothaches, sensitivity, and potential infections.

Tooth Decay Prevention Strategies

Maintaining good oral hygiene and making mindful lifestyle choices can prevent tooth decay. Here’s what dentists recommend:

Brush regularly: Use fluoride toothpaste to brush your teeth at least twice daily. Fluoride strengthens enamel and helps it resist acid attacks.
Floss daily: Flossing removes food particles and plaque between teeth and under the gum line, areas your toothbrush can’t reach.
Stay hydrated: Drinking water washes away food particles and bacteria. It also promotes saliva production, which naturally protects your teeth. Fluoridated water is particularly beneficial for remineralizing your teeth.
Avoid sugary and starchy foods: Candy, cake, and white bread feed the harmful bacteria in your mouth. The best way to prevent the chain of events leading to dental cavities is to limit your sugar and starch intake.
Chew xylitol gum: Xylitol is a natural sweetener that helps prevent tooth decay. Unlike sugar, it doesn’t feed harmful oral bacteria; in fact, it stops them from sticking to your teeth, reducing plaque formation. Chew xylitol gum after meals to cleanse your mouth, stimulate saliva flow, and fight cavities.
Discuss low saliva issues with your dentist: Certain medical conditions and medications reduce saliva production, increasing the risk of tooth decay. Discuss saliva substitutes with your dentist to mitigate this risk.
Consider dental sealants: If you or your child is especially prone to tooth decay, your dentist may recommend sealants. These thin, protective coatings applied to the chewing surfaces of your back teeth (molars) act as barriers to prevent decay.
Schedule regular dental check-ups: Visit your dentist twice a year for routine cleanings and oral exams to catch and address cavities early.

Prevent Tooth Decay Today

If you never want another cavity, partner with Signature Smiles Dentistry in Parker, CO. We focus on preventive dental care to maintain oral health and prevent tooth decay. Our modern office and friendly staff create a comfortable environment where every patient is treated like family. Schedule your first appointment with us today!